Biotechnological methods of selenium bioremediation from various compartments of environment: A review

Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human health in trace amounts but harmful excess. Most plants contain a fairly low Se and crop supplements ensure adequate levels nutritional needs. Food the primary source of humans due to differences eating habits, its intake varies considerably. In body, selenium deficiency can lead diseases endocrine, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, reproductive, nervous immune systems. important ingredient glutathione peroxidase, main cellular antioxidant enzyme, which convert free radicals into peroxides, while vitamin E removes neutralizes their potentially effects. Excessive diet are considered toxic, causing liver kidney damage, blood clotting, heart necrosis, skin lesions, nausea, vomiting, loss hair nails. Semiconducting properties make it special value industry. rare on planet, non-renewable resource non-efficient difficult recycling. Except coal, commonly enriched Se, there no ores could be mined it. Herewith, world's scarce resources need careful management, monitoring, recycling, stockpiling future generations. The first part this review outlines concentrations soil, water, terms toxicological effects animals humans, second briefly overviews novel biotechnological methods bioremediation environmental selenium.